Glaucoma is a serious eye condition that affects millions of people around the world. It is often referred to as the "silent thief of sight" because it can progress slowly and without noticeable symptoms until irreversible damage occurs. By understanding the types and their causes, symptoms, and risk factors, you can take steps to protect your vision and seek professional help when needed.
 

Understanding Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by damage to the optic nerve, which is responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. This damage is often caused by increased pressure inside the eye, known as intraocular pressure. However, glaucoma can also occur with normal or low eye pressure. The exact causes of glaucoma are not fully understood, but several factors can increase the risk of developing the condition. Age is a significant risk factor, with glaucoma being more common in people over the age of 60. Family history also plays a role, as individuals with a close relative with glaucoma are more likely to develop the disease. Other factors that can increase the risk of glaucoma include certain medical conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure, long-term steroid use, and previous eye injuries or surgeries.
 

Exploring Open-Angle Glaucoma

Open-angle glaucoma is the most common form of glaucoma and usually develops slowly over time. It occurs when the drainage canals in the eye become partially blocked, leading to a gradual increase in intraocular pressure. This increase in pressure damages the optic nerve, resulting in vision loss. In most cases, open-angle glaucoma does not cause noticeable symptoms until significant damage has occurred. By the time symptoms appear, the condition is often advanced.
 

What is Closed-Angle Glaucoma?

Closed-angle glaucoma is less common than open-angle glaucoma but is considered a medical emergency. It occurs when the iris blocks the drainage angle, causing a sudden and severe increase in intraocular pressure. Closed-angle glaucoma requires immediate medical attention to prevent permanent vision loss. Symptoms of closed-angle glaucoma often appear suddenly and include severe eye pain, headache, blurred vision, halos around lights, nausea, and vomiting. If you experience these symptoms, seek emergency medical care right away.
 

Secondary Glaucoma: Causes and Risk Factors

Secondary glaucoma refers to cases where glaucoma is caused by an underlying condition or event. It can occur as a result of eye injuries, certain medications, eye tumors, uveitis, and other eye conditions. Secondary glaucoma can also be associated with medical conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and thyroid problems.
 

Why Regular Eye Exams Are Essential

Regular eye exams are crucial for the early detection and treatment of glaucoma. Since glaucoma often progresses without noticeable symptoms, routine eye exams allow optometrists to measure your intraocular pressure, assess the health of your optic nerve, and detect any signs of glaucoma. If you have risk factors for glaucoma, such as a family history of the disease or certain medical conditions, it is even more important to schedule regular eye exams. Early detection and treatment can help slow or prevent further vision loss.

Schedule Your Next Eye Exam with Grand Eye Care Today

By understanding the different types of glaucoma, their causes, symptoms, and risk factors, you can take proactive steps to protect your vision. Schedule regular eye exams, especially if you have risk factors for glaucoma. If you experience any symptoms of glaucoma, such as blurred vision, eye pain, or a gradual loss of peripheral vision, seek professional help immediately. Your optometrist can provide the necessary diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing management to preserve your vision for years to come. Schedule an eye exam to protect your vision and detect glaucoma early, visit Grand Eye Care at our office in River Grove, Illinois, or call (708) 583-1100 to book an appointment today.